Many people with depression experience memory loss. This is likely due to the way depression impacts brain structure and cognitive functioning.
Memory loss related to depression might look like trouble recalling old or positive memories.
You can manage depression-related memory loss with the right support. This typically includes therapy, self-care, and medication.
Many people think of depression as a condition that primarily impacts mood. It’s characterized by emotions like sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, irritability, and more. However, research shows that depression can also impact cognitive skills like memory [1].
The reasons for depression-related memory loss aren’t yet fully understood. But it’s likely tied to depression-induced overstimulation and imbalances in the brain chemicals that manage memory [2].
Trying to manage forgetfulness alongside depressive symptoms can be a challenging experience. But fortunately, memory loss caused by depression (sometimes referred to as pseudodementia) can be managed with professional help. By accessing effective depression treatment, you can improve your memory and strengthen your mental health.
How can depression affect your memory?
Have you ever walked into a room only to forget why you went in there? Or maybe you’ve exited the grocery store, struggling to remember where you parked your vehicle. We all experience memory issues and forget things once in a while. If it happens occasionally, it doesn’t mean that you have a mental health concern.
However, if you have depression, you may be at greater risk of memory challenges [1]. Explore what we know about this unique form of memory loss [2]:
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It might be linked to inattention
When your mind is tasked with managing depressive symptoms, it can be harder to focus on anything else. Some experts suggest that the memory problems associated with depression are the result of inhibited concentration.
For example, if you’re ruminating, you might be fixated on your negative thoughts. This might make it harder to absorb (and later remember) important information.
Positive memories might be harder to recall
When you’re depressed, it can be harder to connect with positive feelings and memories. This is because the parts of the brain that process and store rewarding experiences can be negatively affected by depression.
For example, if you’re depressed, it might be easier to recall a major argument you had with a sibling. But you might have a harder time remembering when they were kind and loving toward you.
Recent memories may be easier to retrieve
Depression doesn’t impact all memories equally. Unlike dementia, which can erode short-term memory, depression seems to have a greater effect on older memories. That's because dementia damages the hippocampus, the part of the brain that absorbs new information and retrieves recent memories.
Since depression doesn’t impact the hippocampus in the same way, it might be easier to recall what you ate for breakfast than the details of a vacation you took five years ago.
Sleep problems and some antidepressants can impact memory
People with depression often struggle to get enough rest. This can cause fatigue, irritability, and other challenges. Sleep deprivation can impact memory [3] and may increase the risk of “brain fog.” [4]
Treating depression may help you get better sleep and, in turn, improve your memory. But keep in mind that memory decline can be a side effect [5] of some antidepressants within the first eight weeks of starting. So if you’ve just started taking medication to manage your depression and have become more forgetful, be sure to speak with your provider.
How memory loss impacts your well-being
Memory loss can create plenty of practical challenges. For example, it can be frustrating when you can’t recall basic personal details, what’s on your to-do list, or other important information.
But losing your memory can also be emotionally unsettling. Our memories represent our life’s story and help shape our identity. Feeling like you’re losing touch with parts of your past may increase anxiety [2] and could make your depression worse. Also, if most of your memories seem like they’re through a negative lens, you might start to see your life as negative.
If you’re experiencing depression and suspect it’s affecting your memory, don’t hesitate to reach out for support.
Coping with memory loss from depression
The good news about forgetfulness from depression is that it can often be reversed with the right support.
Evidence-based treatment, like therapy and medication, can help you manage your symptoms, improve your brain functioning [6], and strengthen your memory.
A medical or mental health professional can also provide an evaluation to determine whether your forgetfulness is the result of depression or another concern, like dementia. Having an accurate diagnosis will help ensure you get the right care for your needs.
Most people with moderate to severe depression require professional help to maintain their mental health. You can also try these coping strategies [2] to help maintain your memory:
Get some exercise. Exercise has been shown to generate endorphins, or “happiness hormones,” and keep the mind healthy. So try to make time for movement you enjoy.
Lean on your support network. Depression may make you want to avoid social activities. But spending time with people who care about you may help boost your mood and protect your memory.
Write it down. Creating a written log of happy memories can help you recall meaningful events when you’re feeling forgetful. Also, reading the list may help when you’re feeling sad or lonely.
Use reminders. Using calendars, timers, apps, or other reminder tools can make it easier to remember important events or tasks. You may need to experiment with some different options to find a system that works for you.
Sleep. Getting adequate sleep greatly impacts mood and wellbeing. Finding ways to improve your sleep on your own or even getting an evaluation from a medical doctor can make a difference in your mood.
Find enjoyable activities. Making time to engage in hobbies, activities, and personal interests can support your mental health. Whether you enjoy gardening alone, attending a book club, or playing guitar, spending time doing what you enjoy can make a positive impact in your life.
It can feel scary when you start to notice lapses in your memory. Know that with the proper support and plan, you can improve both your memory and your depressive symptoms.
Ashley Ayala, LMFT
Clinical reviewer
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Depression can impact your mood and emotions. However, it can also affect cognitive skills, including memory. People with depression may have trouble recalling happy memories or events from a long time ago. But managing memory loss alongside depression can be emotionally challenging.
The good news is that memory problems caused by depression can be managed, if not reversed entirely, with the right support. With therapy, medication, and self-care strategies, you can balance your mood and become less forgetful.
At Rula, we’re here to help you feel better. Rula makes it easy to find a licensed therapist or psychiatric provider who takes your insurance. That way, you don’t have to choose between great care and a price you can afford.
Rula patients pay about $15 per session with insurance, and 93% say they feel better after getting care through Rula. We have 21,000+ providers, and appointments are available as soon as tomorrow. We’re here to help you take the next step — wherever you are in your mental health journey.
References
- Mechanisms of Memory Disruption in Depression https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5835184/
- Depression's cognitive cost https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/depressions-cognitive-cost
- Sleep’s Crucial Role in Preserving Memory https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/sleeps-crucial-role-in-preserving-memory/
- Brain Fog https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/brain-fog
- Cognitive Function before and during Treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Patients with Depression or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5002481/#sec5
- Brain changes associated with depression treatment: a meta-analysis https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158225001470
Liz Talago
Liz Talago, M.ed. is a mental health professional turned content writer and strategist based in the Detroit metro area. As an independent consultant for mental health organizations, Liz creates meaningful connections between brands and their audiences through strategic storytelling. Liz is known for championing diverse perspectives within the mental health industry and translating bold ideas into inspiring, affirming digital experiences.
In her free time, you can find her hiking with her two German Shepherds, puttering around her dahlia garden, or spending time with her family.
Ashley Ayala, LMFT
Ashley is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in generational healing and family dynamics. Ashley has worked in schools, clinics, and in private practice. She believes that people’s relationships, including our relationship with ourselves, greatly shape our experiences in life.
Ashley is committed to empowering others to show up authentically and deepen their self understanding. This passion stems from taking a critical lens on her own life story and doing inner healing. One of her favorite quotes is “Be yourself and the right people will love the real you.”
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